Irene Hickman’s Mind Probe Hypnosis

This book is about the various aspects regarding hypnosis. Hypnosis, the manipulation of the human mind by another entity is slowly going mainstream, reaching the people and making good use of it. It has been long ignored and now it becomes useful to professionals in treating various disorders of people. This book clearly show the different kinds of scenarios that you get when you explore a person’s mid. It also shows how to go deep into the mind in order to discover things or experiences from the past that could be hindering a person to live a normal life. Thus, it serves and benefits people by easing their mind, body and emotions. The author covers issues birth and death, problems of allergies, the use of fantasy and fact, and even treating sex problems. These issues were tackled on how the mind deals with tem, on how the subconscious mind is able to suppress these thoughts, if ever they gave the person a bad experience. This book is different from other books of the same type is that it doesn’t merely talk about how one should go back to the past and revisit his life before, but instead, to go back and be able to know the origin of a certain problem he is currently facing in the present time. The cases found in this book are all very useful and informative, wherein it describes their experiences with their subconscious, thus a very good guide for professionals and those who practice hypnosis. The author covers a wide scope in the aspect of hypnosis. It deals on how people’s fear could have its roots in the previous events in his life, wherein he suffered a great deal of pain or hardship which led to what he is experiencing now. Hypnosis touches on how to deal with one’s fears and problems primarily from recognizing them, and acknowledging its existence. I think the most effective method of the author is the allergy-suppression dialog, wherein a person who has an allergy can be hypnotized to reminisce his past life to discover the cause of the allergy. If the cause is found, the person hypnotized will be asked to go through it over and over again until he is not feeling and discomfort or fear towards the situation they had that led to the allergy. This is a very effective way in treating patients who suffer from bodily reactions without knowing the real cause. Even if they seek medical help, the medical professionals are unable to find the real cause of the allergies. This is when hypnosis is used as a means of treatment. An example of a case where a hypnosis session was used to cure an allergy problem is with a certain Marge Tellez, who suffered an abnormal response to cold water for a long time already. Any exposure to cold water was exchanged with a rather violent reaction from her body. When she drinks cold water, the inside of her mouth would swell, and when cold water touches her, her skin would become swollen and cracked, and was really very hard and painful for her. Doctors from various medical institutions were unable to cure her, and were considered a rare case. They tried to suppress her condition by giving her a daily injection of a drug, which seem to have worked a little bit. When she resorted to hypnosis, it was found out that in her past life, she had some various bad experiences with cold water. This includes a few circumstances that she was drowned or was nearly drowned. Another situation is that she was a galleon slave and fought their captain, and the most traumatic for her was a ship wreck which claimed the life of two of her kids. With those situations in hand, the hypnotist asked her again and again to describe and talk about the situations and asks her what she feels, until they reach the point that she wasn’t uncomfortable with it and that she doesn’t feel any fear of the cold water anymore (Hickman, 2002). Another case was with a certain R.S. He complained of a severe reaction of his body to cold weather. If though he wears thick layers of clothes and jackets, he would feel uneasy and uncomfortable. It was found out, using the same method of hypnosis, that in his past life, he has been lost in a blizzard in the early years of Texas and he froze to death. Another situation that sparked his fear of the cold weather is when he died from the cold during the time of the Romans and their conquests. His past life experiences were handled by the same process, through hypnosis and recognition and confrontation of the problem itself. Through confrontation, the problem was well taken care of and he eventually lost his allergy to the cold weather. It would be a very wonderful experience if you would be able to try all the possible means in acquiring a positive result, since you would know first hand which would be really be useful for you. I think the application of these methods will depend on the situation of the patient. There are some patients who have no reaction on a certain method, and if you would use another one, you would be able to obtain a result. I would prefer the process of going back to your past self in order to cure an allergy. Because of that, it enables the patient to be free of the restrictions which are brought about by the allergy he is having. If you eliminate the root, you are enabling yourself to be able to enjoy and live your life to the fullest without worrying about any allergies. It would depend on how you approach a certain problem. I wouldn’t want to avoid any of the techniques because they could have potential use to them in the near future. It will be able to teach us what we need to know and how we could go about on things. As a hypnotherapy’s practitioner, it should be known that hypnosis is very useful in relieving a person’s stress. It is a key point to have an idea as to what could be the cause of a person’s allergy. I would personally recommend the use of the process wherein you could be able to eliminate an allergy of some sort. Summary The book was able to convey a lot important aspects regarding hypnosis and being able to probe a person’s mind. It is very important so that you could be relieved of a stress or overcome a certain fear of something. Through this, man is capable of living freely, without the hindrance of theses problems, wherein man is the one that creates these problems. References: Hickman, I. (2002). Mind Probe Hypnosis   Retrieved January 20, 2007, from http://www.indiangyan.com/books/hypnosisbooks/Mind_probe_hypnosis/problem_of_allergies.shtml      

Cause and solution of environmental degradation Essay

Environmental degradation is not a new thing, it has been happening all over the world for centuries. The problem is that it is now occurring at a much faster rate, therefore not leaving enough time for the environment to recover and regenerate. Some of environmental degradation types are fossil fuel burning, waste disposal and deforestation. To begin with, the burning of fossil fuels by humans is the largest source of emissions of carbon dioxide, which is one of the greenhouse gases rise into the air and contribute to global warming, which threatens the health of the oceans and the diverse organisms living there. In order to eliminate this pollution, people would rather replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar power, burning waste and water power. It is achievable for everyone but fossil fuels are very limited and becoming exhausted. Another factor which causes environmental degradation is waste disposal. In commerce, businesses mostly use non-biodegradable packaging, which many years to decompose, to reduce expense extremely. Industrial waste often contains chemicals eliminating directly to the sea without treatment which can lead to the pollution of water supplies. Moreover, household waste such as plastic and glass bottle without recycling is buried underground possibly causing land pollution. To improve the current environment issue, Government should release a policy for businesses, factory and household to concern about waste treatment, which is often omitted because of high cost. Businesses should use green packaging which is easy to decompose gradually, waste treatment process should be installed in factories and citizens must begin to recycle goods and packaging whenever possible. Deforestation is one of the main reasons causing environmental degradation. It is an act of clearing forest in order to accommodate agricultural, industrial or urban use. If this deforestation is not stop or controlled, the consequence could be soil degradation and erosion, changes in climatic conditions and destruction of natural habitats. In order to ameliorate deforestation, the local authorities should pay attention on forest reservation, encourage local people taking part in growing tree campaign or build green belt around urban area. To sum up, environmental degradation is becoming more and more serious worldwide. Governmental and social organizations should contribute actively to help people acknowledge the important of environment conservation.

Oedipus the Kings Destiny - 613 Words

What is the reason for Oedipus’s downfall? Is he putting himself in this tragic situation or is it his fate from the gods for his mighty downfall. Oedipus the king is a play that explores these questions as to whether an individual’s fate and destiny is determined by an outside force or if the individual determines it. Oedipus is the protagonist and fate or even himself is the antagonist. There are good reasons for both circumstances to be correct and that’s what I am going to explain today. Oedipus along his journey runs into a lot of problems. First he runs into a lot of obstacles such as hearing news form people about himself that he didn’t know. This is an example of fate because these people just happened to come about and know about these things at different parts on his journey. On the other hand Oedipus gets himself in this situation by thinking to highly of himself and going overboard when he makes difficult decisions and that’s why he coul d of put himself in this situation. Oedipus could be in the situation he is in because he is following a prophecy which is meant for him to follow the path he is on. The people he ran into along his journey were meant to be there because it was his fate. The prophet Tiresias knows the true story of what happened and when Oedipus goes to see him, he begs him to reveal who Laius’s murderer is, but Tiresias answers that he knows but wishes he didn’t. Oedipus get annoyed at the riddles that Tiresias is telling him that he blames himShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King, Fate And Destiny1201 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles is the author of the famous play, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. In case you did not know, Sophocles is from Greece. In Greek mythology there are three goddesses who preside over the birth and life of humans. Each person s destiny was thought of as a thread spun, measured, and cut by the three Fates, Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos. In the story â€Å"Oedipus the King† fate and destiny was the main theme. On Google the definition of destiny is the events that will necessarily happen to a particular personRead MoreHuman Conscience And Destiny In Oedipus The King By Sophocles1447 Words   |  6 Pagesfound something deeper and more elaborate, than â€Å"Oedipus the King† by Sophocles, but there is not a single one, in which the philosophical depth and tragic strength would be combined with such incomparable sophistication, noble grace and structural perfection. The image of a monstrous Sphinx with the face of a woman, wings, sharp claws, the body of a lion and mysteriously dangerous speech penetrates the whole tragedy as an incorporation of destiny and unknown future. The following research representsRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Fate of Oedipus1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fate of Oedipus in Oedipus the King    In Oedipus the King there comes a point in the play where Oedipus learns something that plays an important role throughout the play.  Ã‚   He learns from a   oracle that he will eventually kill his own Father and sleep with his own mother.   As one could imagine this is a shock to Oedipus, and he does not believe the oracle.   However, he cannot prevent any of this from happening because it is his fate.   Oedipus is a victim of circumstancesRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King3894 Words   |  16 PagesThe Concept of Fate in Oedipus Rex  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To the first-time reader of Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus Rex, it seems that the gods are in complete domination of mankind. This essay will seek to show that this is not the case because the presence of a tragic flaw within the protagonist is shown to be the cause of his downfall.    In the opening scene of the tragedy the priest of Zeus itemizes for the king what the gods have done to the inhabitants of Thebes:    A blight isRead More Boundaries of Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King1282 Words   |  6 PagesBoundaries of Fate and Free Will in Oedipus the King    The ancient Greeks firmly believed that the universe was guided strictly by order and fate. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles has examined the relationship between free will and fate, suggesting that free will paradoxically exists inside the boundaries of fate. It may be concluded, however, that man has free will and is ultimately held responsible for his own actions.    Oedipus destruction was brought about by a combination of fateRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - The Paradox of Free Will1318 Words   |  6 PagesA Paradox: Oedipuss Free will in the Play Oedipus Rex William Shakespeare once wrote, Who can control his fate? (Othello, Act v, Sc.2).  A hero and leader must acknowledge above all else his honor, and the pride of his image.   In ancient Greek beliefs, a hero was a man who stood taller than the rest; he was able to better any conflict.   He did this not for himself or for any token award that may be given to him, but for the security of his fellow man.   Physical strength and superior wit areRead More Destiny, Free Will and Choice - The Power of Fate in Oedipus the King1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus the King The concept of fate has existed since the time of the ancient Greeks. The Greeks believed very strongly in fate, which can be defined as either a power beyond human control that determines events, or the outcome or end. In Oedipus Rex, King Oedipus lives and dies by fate. Fate influences the entire plot, thereby allowing for some interesting developments that may be unpredictable to the audience. In Sophocles Oedipus Rex, fate truly is a huge factorRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Driven by Fate1105 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Fate in Oedipus Rex Before we approach this complex question inductively, we are at first obliged to contemplate what definitions and assumptions are being made. This essay, perhaps more so than others, requires a more extensive look at this aspect of the question, because of the sheer variety of possible responses. However, I now have reduced them to three possibilities. Firstly, we could make the assumption that perhaps as destiny controls all fates, then Oedipus character was createdRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Power of Prophecy1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Power of Fate in Oedipus Rex (the King) The underlying theme in Oedipus Rex is that fate is more powerful than free will. On this strong basis of fate, free will doesnt even exist. This was a popular belief among the ancient Greeks.   Fate may be accepted or denied by modern society, but in Oedipuss story, fate proves inevitable. In the play, Oedipus Rex, the characters Oedipus, Iocaste and Laios try to change fate.    In the very beginning of the story, before we hear from theRead More Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - Victim of Fate3445 Words   |  14 PagesVictim of Fate in Oedipus Rex The question has been raised as to whether Oedipus was a victim of fate or of his own actions.   This essay will show that Oedipus was a victim of fate, but he was no puppet because he freely and actively sought his doom, although he was warned many times of the inevitable repercussions of his actions. When first considering this topic, I speculated that maybe it was the destiny of Oedipus to suffer, but a friend asked me to explain why Oedipus, in the act of

Theme Of Alienation From Society In Jane Eyre - 1146 Words

The novel in which Jane Eyre stars in can be seen criticizing many aspects of those times such as the role and nature of women, child negligence and social hardships for those in a lesser class. Jane Eyre’s alienation from society allows for a greater reveal of the story’s culture, values, and assumptions. It’s presented through the use of gender, class and character conflicts throughout the story. On multiple occasions, Jane is judged for the presented factors reflecting the type of society Jane lives in and what the times were like at that time. Gender roles often times influenced the behaviors and characteristics of others in the story indicating the type of culture that surrounded those 19th century times. However, Jane often found†¦show more content†¦If they were all men, there wouldnt be such a strict enforcement and judgment. The class of Jane also reflects how people who are considered lower are treated worse than the rich. Those who tend to be rich see themselves as much better and deserving of greater things. A character in the story named John Reed would always treat the protagonist, Jane Eyre, like she was garbage because of the fact that she was orphaned and had no wealth to her name. â€Å"You have no business to take our books; you are a dependant, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemens children like us†. John had a part in his family’s wealth and saw himself as above attempting to assure everyone knew how important he was. Meanwhile, Jane being of lower class is much more humble and appreciative of the good things in life. Learning to live happily and patiently as a humble citizen making sure to never be snobby like her relatives. Jane makes sure to see the beauty inside of people rather than superficial, beaut iful appearances. â€Å"The refreshing meal, the brilliant fire, the presence and kindness of her beloved instructress, or, perhaps, more than all these, something in her own unique mind, had roused her powers within her. They woke, they kindled: first, they glowed in the bright tint of her cheek, which till this hour I had never seen but pale and bloodless; then theyShow MoreRelatedFeminism in Jane Eyre1317 Words   |  6 PagesFeminism in Jane Eyre After reading Jane Eyre, I think Jane Eyre is a great woman. Jane is disadvantaged in many ways as she has no wealth, family, social position or beauty. Jane does have intelligence though, and her disposition is such to make Rochester fall in love with her. Through a serious of troublesome situations between Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester, the author set up a great female image before us: insisting on maintaining an independent personality, pursuing individual freedom, advocatingRead MoreThe Presentation of Isolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide Sargasso Sea1546 Words   |  7 PagesIsolation in Jane Eyre and the Wide Sargasso Sea. The theme of isolation is explored in Bronte’s novel; Jane Eyre. This theme is also developed in The Wide Sargasso Sea, by Jean Rhys. Both pieces present different types of isolation, such as isolation due to location and the isolation of a character due to their social status, such as Jane’s status as a governess. The various ways in which isolation is present in each of the texts show how inescapable and unavoidable isolation is for the charactersRead More Identity of Women in Shelleys Frankenstein, Brontes Jane Eyre, and Eliots The Mill on the Floss1471 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity of Women in Shelleys Frankenstein, Brontes Jane Eyre, and Eliots The Mill on the Floss George Eliot is quoted as stating: A womans hopes are woven of sunbeams; a shadow annihilates them (Miner 473). To extend this notion, Jean Giraudoux in Tiger at the Gates, states I have been a woman for fifty years, and Ive never been able to discover precisely what it is I am (474). These two statements are related to each other because they express, in large part, the dilemma facing MaryRead MoreEssay about Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre an3613 Words   |  15 PagesHow and why are selected canonical texts re-written by female authors? Answer with close reference to Charlotte Bronte#8217;s Jane Eyre and Jean Rhys#8217;s Wide Sargasso Sea. The Sargasso Sea is a relatively still sea, lying within the south-west zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, at the centre of a swirl of warm ocean currents. Metaphorically, for Jean Rhys, it represented an area of calm, within the wide division between England and the West Indies. Within such an area, a sense of stabilityRead MoreJane Eyer and Charlotte Bronte880 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues that guide those actions. Jane Eyers life was defined by exile. Her childhood was filled with unjust punishment, her school days were melancholy, and, even as an adult, her life continued to be secluded from modern society. Tribulations such as these come with the soul purpose of molding one’s spiritual life. Jane relied on her faith alone for support, and survived triumphantly. This small hope was the enrichment of her alienation. Through Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte uses this character’sRead MoreEssay Prompts4057 Words   |  17 Pageswhich you analyze a central question the work raises and the extent to which it offers any answers. Explain how the author’s treatment of this question affects your understanding of the work as a whole. Avoid mere plot summary. You may select a work from the list below or another novel or play of comparable literary merit. Alias Grace Middlemarch All the King’s Men Moby-Dick Candide Obasan Death of a Salesman Oedipus Rex Doctor Faustus Orlando Don Quixote Read MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 PagesOhio Wesleyan Writing Center Founded University Promoting1955 as a hallmark of liberal arts education writing Writing Guidelines Statements of Purpose From the OWU Writing Center in the Sagan Academic Resource Center The OWU Writing Center Corns 316 ââ€" ª (740-368-3925) ââ€" ª http://writing.owu.edu ââ€" ª open Monday-Friday, 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Ohio Wesleyan University Writing Center  © 2011 Writing Guidelines for Statements of Purpose Contents Writing Your Statement of Purpose ..........

Media s Perception And Fear Of Crime - 1445 Words

As with most controversial issues, it is clear that the media play a strong role in people’s perception and fear of crime. Psychologists have proven that cognitive biases can skew our perceptions (Fogg, 2013). Crime is very prominent is all media and Robert Reiner (1997) claims: The risk of crimes as portrayed in media are both quantitatively and qualitatively more serious in the media than the official statistically recorded picture. Reiner (1997) continues to argue the disproportionate representation of crime, in particular those that are violent focus heavily on arousing curiosity and making criminal activity almost exciting. The Home Secretary, Mr Alan Johnson, was to suggest that maybe the government were not doing enough to convince citizens that the Crime survey statistics are reliable and people should be reassured that crime rates are falling (BBC, 2009). In 2012, Jordan Cashmore, a criminology student completing their dissertation, was the first to introduce what would become known as â€Å"Fear of Crime – Media Feedback model† The model, Figure 5, demonstrates how media depiction of crime can accelerate fear, in turn causing changes and restrictions in behaviour to want to stay home for fear of crime and whilst being at home therefor being exposed to even more media. Fig. 5. The Fear of Crime-Media Feedback model. (2012) However, much discussion has taken place as to the validity of those studies which are meantShow MoreRelatedRealtionship Between the Media, Public Perceptions of Crime and Police1553 Words   |  7 PagesDoes the media and the amount of exposure to specific news media affect fear of crime? This question is examined in a survey with data collected from three universities in the United States and one in Canada;  The Impact of Media on Fear of Crime among University Students: A Cross-National Comparison, goes over the results. It’s believed that fear in itself can be debilitating leading to harmful social outcomes. Vincent Sacco believes there are three dimensions to fear of crime: cognitive, emotionalRead MoreThe Effects Of Media On Fear Of Crime1488 Words   |  6 PagesREVIEW OF LITERATURE Overrepresentation of Crime and the Media Numerous studies have been done investigating fear of crime and causal links (Dorfman and Schiraldi 2001; Gerbner and Gross 1976; Hale 1996). However, few empirical studies have been done that examine the effects media has on fear of crime (Chermack 1994). Media is defined as a manner in which we can access information and news through technology (Gillium 2000). This might be on television, radio, newspapers and magazines, and otherRead MoreThe Media And The Criminal Justice System Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesThe media plays the role as entertaining and a source of information to its viewers, however, with the current crime trends, most viewers have the perceptions that our criminal justice system is lacking in areas of proper sentencing and protecting the viewers. All this is based upon what we see in the media is the information reliable or not? I say this because of hearing about news personality lying about their experience only to booster the networks rating. When the cr iminal justice system hasRead MoreCrime, Moral Panics and the Media Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagessource of information about crime, this source of information usually being the media. When carrying out sample research in Birmingham, Susan Smith (1984) discovered that 52% of people obtained most of their information about crime from the media, 36% obtained it from hearsay or alleged experiences of friends and neighbours, 3% from their own experiences, and 1% from the police service themselves (cited in Jones, 2001; 8). However the media tend to exaggerate upon areasRead MoreHow The Media Shapes The Public Discourse Of Crime1344 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of How the Media Shapes the Public Discourse of Crime Whether through social media, televised news, or newspapers, most people are exposed to some sort of news media every day. It is the responsibility of the media to inform the public about what is happening in the world around us, and more often than not, that includes reporting crime. If the media is the source of our information, they have the power to influence our perception of that information. The media have the powerRead MoreTelevision Viewing And Protective Action Against Crime1639 Words   |  7 PagesNabi, R. L, Sullivan, J. L. (2001, December). Does Television Viewing Relate to Engagement in Protective Action Against Crime?: A Cultivation Analysis From a Theory of Reasoned Action Perspective. Communication Research, (28), 802nd ser. Doi:10.1177/009365001028006004 2. This Study is for my Dependent Variables 3. Statement of Study s Purpose and Brief Overview of Literature Review Nabi and Sullivan used the cultivation theory as the base of their study. (2001)Within the study, they also usedRead MoreMass Media Is Obsessed With Crime Essay1575 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is infatuated with crime. As a society, we have a great deal of fascination when it comes to crime and deviance. It is hard to turn on the television, watch a movie or open a newspaper or book and not be faced with the central and dominant theme that is crime. In recent years the lines between crime entertainment and crime information have been significantly blurred. The mass media often influences how people see crime, with the bombardment of criminal images and violence, it serves toRead MoreThe Impact Of Media Coverage On The Public Perception Of Missing Children916 Words   |  4 PagesWe are not faced with the concerns of crimes unless we are the victims. We depend on communication outlets to stay updated with local, state and international events. The actual number of children miss ing is alarming and yet unknown. Influences on the public perception The writer of this chapter pinpointed the views of the world in a great way. There are many influences on the public perception of missing children. During the reading, it was noted that media coverage has a significant impact on society’sRead MoreThe Media And Gun Violence894 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and Gun violence A current most spoken issue among the public media is gun violence or mass shooting however the crime is not as many as it was twenty years ago. The term mass shooting does not have an official set of definition yet, but the term indicates crime which is killing as many people as possible in a short time frame. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines it as â€Å"actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a populated area† (Sam Brock, Rachel Witte, and JoeRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Banned?1580 Words   |  7 Pageslot of them describe themselves as being superman [on ice], he said. The price is going down and the quality is going up. However the Media’s representation of the drug and regarding young people make it seem as if there is a crisis forming the media is often to be accused of brain washing society through the descriptive ways of labelling different groups of society however Australia is not seeing an ice epidemic, experts have warned .( Professor Alison Ritter, deputy director for the National

Causes of Constipation for Lack of Exercise - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCauses of Constipation for Lack of Exercise. Answer: Introduction Constipation is a common occurrence in seniors. Some of the causes of constipation are; poor bowel habits, use of certain drugs, lack of exercise, lack of enough fluids in the diet, as well as poor diet. The older people often lack interest in eating. These results to overuse of a preferred food and most of these foods lack sufficient fiber (Werth, Williams Pont, 2015). The loose of teeth is another cause of the issue that causes challenges in regular eating. As a result, most elderly individuals prefer soft, processed food that is usually low in fiber. Many elder people suffer from stress incontinence and urinary incontinence. These individuals often take inadequate fluid to avoid urinating. Their meals are often deficient of fluids. Another common cause of constipation among the elderly is the prolonged stays in bed. The lack of movement and exercise contribute to constipation. (Costilla, Foxx-Orenstein, 2014) There are certain drugs that may lead to constipation. These include; anti-Parkinson drugs, diuretics, antihistamines, antacids having calcium or aluminum, as well as antidepressants. How to Prevent it The first major way of preventing the occurrence is through lifestyle changes. The elderly should engage in more physical activities and exercise, eat balanced and healthy meals, and take enough fluids and water (Costilla, Foxx-Orenstein, 2014). However, they should be discouraged from consuming a lot of tea, alcohol or coffee. Bowel training is another way of preventing the condition. The elderly should be taught to recognize and respond to the urge to pass stool. Apart from foods with fiber, the elderly should take fiber supplements, bran, psyllium, or methylcellulose (Costilla, Foxx-Orenstein, 2014). There are medications that are also crucial in preventing the occurrence of constipation. These include stimulant laxatives and osmotic laxatives (Werth, Williams Pont, 2015). The alternative techniques are prevention through surgery, sacral nerve stimulation, and biofeedback system. References Costilla, V. C., Foxx-Orenstein, A. E. (2014). Constipation: understanding mechanisms and management.Clinics in geriatric medicine,30(1), 107-115. Werth, B. L., Williams, K. A., Pont, L. G. (2015). A longitudinal study of constipation and laxative use in a community-dwelling elderly population.Archives of gerontology and geriatrics,60(3), 418-424.

Palestinian Liberation Organization Essays -

Palestinian Liberation Organization 1. Can the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) justifiably claim to be 'the sole, legitimate representative of the Palestinian people.'? The PLO was set up in 1964 by an Arab League decision in response to growing signs of Palestinian unrest. The Palestinians desired to reclaim the lands occupied by Israel, which they felt belonged to them, as said in the Bible. In 1964 the Arab states created the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). While it was supposed to represent the Palestinians, in reality it represented the views of President Nasser of Egypt, who guided the formation of the PLO. Its first leader made wild and irresponsible threats to drive Israelis into the sea, and had little support among Palestinians for he was seen as a puppet of the Egyptians. In the 1960s Palestinian students began to form their own organizations independent of control by Arab governments (although the Syrians, Libyans, and Iraqis continued to fund and control particular groups). Yasser Arafat founded an independent Palestinian-run party called Fatah. He is said to have the backing, for most of the recent past, of about 80% of the Palestinian people. The position of the Arab governments was that a PLO under Arab League supervision would be the best way of satisfying the demands made by an emerging Palestinian national consciousness. Also, it was felt that through such an organization Arab governments could control Palestinian political activities. Ten years after its founding, the PLO was raised to the status of government. And in 1988, the PLO's status was to be raised again, this time to a state in exile. After several negotiations, Arafat became a Terrorist leader and administrator of self-rule in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. In the 1967 Six Day War, the Arab armies did very badly against Israel, losing 67,000 square kilometres of land. Palestinians came to believe that if they were ever to have their land, they would have to do it themselves. After the 1967 war, the situation changed drastically. The resistance activities of various guerrilla organizations, in particular the Al-Fatah and the PFLP, gained the increasing support of the Palestinians. With Arafat at the helm from 1969 and a resistance-oriented leadership, the PLO was more effective and played a central role in mobilizing the Palestinians and in expanding its basis of support both at the local and international level. The PLO became an umbrella organization for the various guerrilla groups. This increase in support was made possible because of the Al-Fatah's ability to access to the growing numbers of volunteers from refugee camps which were freshly swollen due to the 1967 war. Most of these refugees suffered the frustration of having been displaced twice in a lifetime. This generated, especially among the young, a mood of defiance, as they were ready to question the credibility of the idea of relying on Arab governments to liberate Palestine. Furthermore, as a consequence of the war a large proportion of the Palestinian community became territorially united. This brought the possibility of direct interaction between the various sections of the Palestinian community that had previously remained isolated from each other. On the other hand, the inability of the PLO's conservative leadership to promote any effective resistance operations culminated in the eventual transfer of power to the armed-struggle orientated guerrilla organizations. Thus initially, the PLO had a broad base of support and represented the desires of the majority of the Palestinian people. The origins of the Al-Fatah can be traced back to the mid-1950s to a group of Palestinians that had neither relinquished their national identity nor their belief in the necessity of liberating Palestine via Palestinian means, rather than relying on other Arab states. Yet, throughout the 1950s the attitude of the Palestinians remained largely skeptical if not uncommitted to Al-Faith's ideology. It was in the 1960s that the situation began to change, enabling Al-Fatah to expand its organizational structure and base. Under the leadership of Arafat, Al-Fatah pursued an ideology which simply stresses the nationalist struggle to liberate Palestine without dwelling too deeply on any theoretical speculations about the nature and form of the future Palestinian society. This tactic was essential in gaining support against other movements, and aided